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December 9, 2024
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Industry

Fire Safety in Facilities Management: Lessons from Recent UK Building Safety Reforms

December 9, 2024
|
Industry
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Fire safety has become one of the most important responsibilities within Facilities Management. While protecting lives has always been the primary objective, recent legislative changes have significantly expanded the responsibilities of those responsible for managing buildings.

The Grenfell Tower tragedy in 2017, which claimed the lives of 72 people, marked a watershed moment for the UK's construction and property sectors. The disaster exposed serious weaknesses in building design, regulatory oversight, accountability and ongoing building management. In response, the government introduced sweeping reforms designed to improve building safety and strengthen responsibility across the entire lifecycle of a building.

For Facilities Managers, these changes represent both a challenge and an opportunity. Compliance is no longer simply about meeting minimum legal requirements—it is about creating safer buildings through proactive management, robust documentation and a culture of continuous improvement.

A New Era of Building Safety

The Grenfell Tower fire prompted the most significant review of UK building safety legislation in decades.

Several major reforms have fundamentally changed the responsibilities of Facilities Managers and building owners.

The Building Safety Act 2022

The Building Safety Act introduced a new regulatory framework for higher-risk residential buildings, placing greater emphasis on accountability throughout a building's lifecycle.

One of its central concepts is the "golden thread"—a continuously maintained digital record containing accurate information about a building's design, construction, maintenance and safety management.

For Facilities Managers, this means maintaining comprehensive records that can be easily accessed and updated throughout the life of the building.

Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022

The Fire Safety (England) Regulations expanded the responsibilities placed upon responsible persons under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order.

Key areas now requiring greater attention include:

  • External wall systems
  • Balconies
  • Flat entrance doors
  • Fire doors
  • Information sharing with fire and rescue services
  • Resident communication
  • Routine inspections

The emphasis has shifted from reacting to fire risks towards identifying and managing them before they become serious hazards.

The Hackitt Review

Dame Judith Hackitt's independent review concluded that improving building safety required more than legislative reform.

It called for a fundamental cultural change across construction, property management and Facilities Management, highlighting the importance of:

  • Competence
  • Accountability
  • Transparency
  • Risk management
  • Collaboration
  • Stronger leadership

Many of these recommendations continue to influence how Facilities Management professionals approach building safety today.

Understanding Your Responsibilities

Facilities Managers are often responsible for ensuring that fire safety arrangements remain effective throughout a building's operation.

This includes:

  • Fire risk management
  • Maintenance of fire safety systems
  • Contractor management
  • Compliance documentation
  • Emergency planning
  • Occupant communication
  • Liaison with regulators
  • Continuous improvement

Remaining informed about legislative developments is essential, particularly where regulations continue to evolve.

Professional development and ongoing training should form part of every FM team's compliance strategy.

Conducting Thorough Fire Risk Assessments

Fire risk assessments remain the foundation of effective fire safety management.

Rather than treating them as periodic exercises undertaken solely for compliance, Facilities Managers should view them as dynamic management tools that evolve alongside changes within the building.

Effective assessments should consider:

  • Building construction
  • Occupancy
  • Fire hazards
  • Escape routes
  • Compartmentation
  • Fire detection systems
  • Emergency lighting
  • Fire doors
  • External wall systems
  • Vulnerable occupants

Where specialist knowledge is required, suitably qualified fire risk assessors should be engaged to carry out detailed assessments and provide recommendations.

Equally important is ensuring that identified actions are completed promptly and reviewed regularly.

Maintaining the Golden Thread

One of the most significant developments introduced by recent legislation is the requirement for accurate and accessible building information.

Facilities Managers increasingly play a central role in maintaining this "golden thread."

This may include records relating to:

  • Building drawings
  • Fire strategies
  • Fire risk assessments
  • Maintenance schedules
  • Inspection reports
  • Asset information
  • Alterations
  • Contractor activities
  • Compliance certificates

Good record keeping improves decision-making, supports maintenance planning and demonstrates compliance if required by regulators.

Investing in Modern Fire Safety Systems

Technology continues to transform fire safety management.

Modern systems can improve both prevention and response through:

  • Intelligent fire detection
  • Addressable alarm systems
  • Automatic suppression systems
  • Smoke control systems
  • Digital inspection records
  • Remote monitoring
  • Smart sensors
  • Building management system integration

These technologies allow Facilities Managers to identify developing issues more quickly while improving the reliability of life safety systems.

Investment decisions should always be supported by robust lifecycle analysis rather than simply considering initial purchase costs.

Fire Doors and Passive Fire Protection

Passive fire protection is often less visible than alarms and sprinklers, but it is equally important.

Facilities Managers should ensure regular inspection of:

  • Fire doors
  • Self-closing devices
  • Intumescent strips
  • Fire stopping
  • Compartment walls
  • Service penetrations
  • Fire-resistant glazing

Even relatively minor defects can significantly reduce a building's ability to contain fire and smoke during an emergency.

Routine inspections should therefore form part of planned preventative maintenance programmes.

Training and Competence

Fire safety depends on people as much as systems.

Facilities Managers should ensure that employees, contractors and building occupants understand their responsibilities.

Training may include:

  • Fire awareness
  • Emergency procedures
  • Evacuation drills
  • Fire extinguisher use
  • Contractor induction
  • Permit-to-work procedures
  • Reporting hazards

Regular fire drills also help identify weaknesses within evacuation plans before a genuine emergency occurs.

Working with Occupants

Building users have an important role to play in maintaining fire safety.

Facilities Managers should communicate clearly about:

  • Emergency procedures
  • Evacuation routes
  • Fire door importance
  • Reporting defects
  • Fire safety responsibilities
  • Planned maintenance

Open communication encourages occupants to report hazards early and helps create a stronger culture of shared responsibility.

Managing Contractors

Many fire safety failures occur during maintenance or refurbishment work.

Facilities Managers should ensure contractors:

  • Understand site fire procedures
  • Follow permit-to-work systems
  • Protect fire compartmentation
  • Reinstate fire stopping correctly
  • Maintain accurate records
  • Report any defects immediately

Competence should always be considered during contractor selection, not simply cost.

Common Fire Safety Challenges

Older Buildings

Many existing buildings were designed before modern fire safety standards.

Retrofitting can present challenges including:

  • Structural limitations
  • Heritage restrictions
  • Hidden construction
  • Limited documentation
  • Occupied buildings during works

A phased approach often allows improvements to be prioritised according to risk while minimising disruption.

Managing Compliance Costs

Fire safety improvements can require significant investment.

Facilities Managers should develop business cases that explain:

  • Legal obligations
  • Risk reduction
  • Potential financial consequences of non-compliance
  • Insurance implications
  • Long-term lifecycle benefits

Preventive investment is often significantly less expensive than responding to fire-related incidents.

Technology and Digital Compliance

Digital tools are making compliance management more efficient.

Modern FM software can assist with:

  • Inspection scheduling
  • Asset management
  • Maintenance records
  • Compliance reminders
  • Contractor management
  • Audit preparation
  • Document storage
  • Reporting

Digital systems also support the maintenance of accurate building information required under newer legislation.

Sustainability and Fire Safety

As organisations pursue sustainability objectives, Facilities Managers must ensure environmental improvements do not compromise fire safety.

Considerations include:

  • External wall materials
  • Renewable energy systems
  • Battery storage
  • Electric vehicle charging
  • Sustainable insulation
  • Timber construction

Successful projects balance environmental performance with robust fire protection from the earliest design stages.

Preparing for Future Regulation

Building safety regulation continues to evolve.

Facilities Managers should expect increasing focus on:

  • Building accountability
  • Competence
  • Digital information
  • Resident engagement
  • Risk management
  • Compliance auditing

Organisations that develop strong fire safety cultures today will be better positioned to meet future regulatory requirements.

Fire Safety as a Strategic Responsibility

Fire safety should not be viewed solely as a compliance exercise.

Strong fire safety management protects:

  • People
  • Property
  • Business continuity
  • Reputation
  • Financial performance
  • Legal compliance

Facilities Managers have an essential leadership role in ensuring that fire safety remains embedded throughout the organisation.

Final Thoughts

The Grenfell Tower tragedy fundamentally changed the UK's approach to building safety.

Today's Facilities Managers operate within a far more rigorous regulatory environment that demands greater accountability, better record keeping and stronger collaboration across all stakeholders.

By understanding current legislation, maintaining accurate building information, investing in modern fire protection systems and promoting a proactive safety culture, Facilities Managers can help create safer, more resilient buildings for everyone who uses them.

Fire safety is no longer simply about complying with regulations—it is about demonstrating leadership, protecting lives and ensuring that buildings remain safe throughout their entire lifecycle.